原料丙烯中的杂质对聚合反应的影响

就目前来看,聚丙烯主要采用液相本体生产方式,因原料丙烯内含杂质,对生产聚合反应造成一定不良影响的问题日渐凸显。为从根本上提升聚丙烯生产质量与效率,相关研究工作者需对原料丙烯中杂质种类以及对聚合反应的影响进行深入分析,制定出最佳优化方案。     

基于近似测地线的分层次自动铺带轨迹规划方法

自动铺带技术是一种增量制造技术，适用于制造翼面、壁板等大尺寸、小曲率复合材料构件，具有加工成本低、效率高等特点。轨迹规划是自动铺带技术的关键环节，它直接关系到复合材料构件的成型精度与质量。现有的自动铺带轨迹规划方法难以便捷兼顾调控铺放间隙与防止铺放褶皱，保证铺带产品的最终质量。有鉴于此，提出了一种基于近似测地线的分层次铺放轨迹规划方法。主要目标是合理利用预浸带允许变形能力，在防止铺放褶皱产生的前提下，保证相邻带料不产生覆盖，且间隙不超过2.5 mm。首先，研究了铺放间隙的产生与演化规律，给出了几种典型曲面上初始铺放间隙的优化方法。接下来，提出了近似测地线的数学模型与求解格式。然后，基于铺放褶皱的产生机制与铺放间隙的演化规律，确定了近似测地线的测地曲率大小与符号。最后，在双曲面模具以及自由曲面模具上验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

砂土内微生物诱导碳酸钙结晶的检测方法研究

为了寻找砂土中微生物诱导碳酸钙结晶(MICP)过程的无损检测方法,采用3种粒径的砂子和两种浓度的胶结溶液进行了砂土的胶结试验,检测了砂土流出液的流量、p H值、尿素浓度和Ca2+浓度等化学指标变化情况,并对碳酸钙晶体的生成数量和分布进行了分析。试验结果显示:砂土流出液的流量和Ca2+浓度能够预测MICP过程中碳酸钙晶体的生成数量,p H值和尿素浓度能够预测MICP过程中尿素的水解程度;砂土中碳酸钙晶体的生成数量与注入的Ca2+总量呈现线性增长的关系,其线性系数可以通过砂土的粒径和胶结溶液的浓度表示,胶结后砂柱的碳酸钙分布并不均匀,小粒径的砂柱上部碳酸钙含量较高,而大粒径的砂柱下部碳酸钙含量较高。     

单组份聚氨酯炮孔填塞剂应用性试验

炮孔填塞是爆破施工过程中的一个关键环节,也是践行精细爆破设计理论的重要措施。传统的炮泥填塞存在着诸多不足,为此,研制了以聚氨酯为基材的TK炮孔填塞剂,通过大量基础性能研究和隧道现场工业性试验,论证了其作为炮孔填塞材料可降低炸药单耗,提高单循环进尺和炮孔利用率,减小空气冲击波、爆破噪声等有害效应的影响,且是安全可靠的。TK炮孔填塞剂优良的填塞效果、方便快捷的施工方法及显著的经济效益,方便于在爆破工程中推广应用。     

玻璃纤维增强建筑用聚乙烯树脂复合材料的性能

采用剥离测试方法来表征制得的玻璃纤维增强建筑用聚乙烯树脂复合材料的界面黏结强度,并对其进行红外光谱、接触角、微观组织测试与分析。研究结果表明:采用浸润剂处理可以使玻璃表面生成新基团;浸润剂能够提高玻璃表面接触角,从而更易与树脂形成浸润状态,由此改善玻璃和树脂的界面结合状态,实现界面黏结特性的显著优化。在剥离测试中发现经浸润剂处理后,玻璃可以和树脂之间形成更强的界面结合作用;树脂从玻璃表面发生剥离之后,形成了光滑的玻璃片,同时还有部分纵横交错的划痕。     

Living Materials Herald a New Era in Soft Robotics

Living beings have an unsurpassed range of ways to manipulate objects and interact with them. They can make autonomous decisions and can heal themselves. So far, a conventional robot cannot mimic this complexity even remotely. Classical robots are often used to help with lifting and gripping and thus to alleviate the effects of menial tasks. Sensors can render robots responsive, and artificial intelligence aims at enabling autonomous responses. Inanimate soft robots are a step in this direction, but it will only be in combination with living systems that full complexity will be achievable. The field of biohybrid soft robotics provides entirely new concepts to address current challenges, for example the ability to self‐heal, enable a soft touch, or to show situational versatility. Therefore, “living materials” are at the heart of this review. Similarly to biological taxonomy, there is a recent effort for taxonomy of biohybrid soft robotics. Here, an expansion is proposed to take into account not only function and origin of biohybrid soft robotic components, but also the materials. This materials taxonomy key demonstrates visually that materials science will drive the development of the field of soft biohybrid robotics.     

On the Barzilai-Borwein basic scheme in FFT-based computational homogenization

Building upon the equivalence of the basic scheme in the work of Moulinec and Suquet with gradient descent methods, we investigate the effect of using the celebrated Barzilai-Borwein step size selection technique in this context. We provide an overview of recent convergence theory and present efficient implementations in the context of computational micromechanics, with and without globalization. In contrast to polarization schemes and fast gradient methods, no lower bound on the eigenvalues of the material tangent is necessary for the Barzilai-Borwein scheme. We demonstrate the power of the proposed method for linear elastic and inelastic large scale problems with finite and infinite material contrast.     

In situ characterization of LiY(WO4)2 nanotubes for electrochemical energy storage

Here, LiY(WO₄)₂ nanotubes are prepared via a feasible electrospinning technique. This new anode material shows excellent electrochemical properties. The capacity loss of LiY(WO₄)₂ nanotubes is as low as 6.9% after 156 cycles, while bulk LiY(WO₄)₂ presents the capacity loss higher than 55.0%. Even after 600 long-life cycles, the capacity loss of the nanotubes is only 9%. It can be seen that the hollow structure with a rough surface and a porous morphology contributes to the improvement of electrochemical performance. Furthermore, online X-ray diffraction (XRD) method is firstly applied to understand the lithium ions insertion/extraction mechanism of LiY(WO₄)₂ nanotubes. It can be concluded that it is an asymmetrical two-phase reaction. A phase transformation from LiY(WO₄)₂ to Li₃Y(WO₄)₂ can be obviously seen from the in situ XRD during discharge process. While Li₂Y(WO₄)₂ appears as an intermediate phase with a reverse charge reaction. In addition, in situ XRD also demonstrates that LiY(WO₄)₂ nanotubes have surprised electrochemical reversibility. All the above results indicate that LiY(WO₄)₂ nanotubes can be expected to be anode candidate for rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs).